What is the cornerstone of evidence-based practice?

• A. Systematic reviews
• B. Randomized trials
• C. Expert opinion
• D. Case reports

Answer: (A)

Systematic reviews provide the most reliable synthesis of evidence by combining results from multiple studies using explicit, pre-specified methods for searching, selecting, appraising, and, when possible, pooling data. This approach reduces bias that can affect any single study and helps determine whether findings are consistent across different populations and settings. When a systematic review includes a meta-analysis, it creates a quantitative overall effect estimate with confidence intervals, giving clinicians a clearer basis for decisions. In evidence-based practice, decisions hinge on high-quality, comprehensive evidence rather than a single study, expert opinion, or individual case reports, which are more prone to bias and limited applicability.