Which neurotransmitter change is commonly associated with anxiety disorders?

• A. Increased Norepinephrine and Decreased GABA
• B. Decreased Norepinephrine and Increased Serotonin
• C. Increased Dopamine and Increased Acetylcholine
• D. Decreased Glutamate Only

Answer: (A)

Anxiety disorders commonly arise from an imbalance between inhibitory and excitatory signaling, with increased noradrenergic activity and reduced GABAergic inhibition. Norepinephrine from the locus coeruleus drives arousal and the stress response; when its activity is elevated, it contributes to the heightened vigilance, worry, and autonomic symptoms of anxiety. GABA is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter that dampens neural excitability; when GABAergic inhibition decreases, neurons become more excitable, amplifying anxious feelings and physical symptoms. Together, more norepinephrine and less GABA explain the persistent hyperarousal and heightened anxiety seen in these disorders. Medications that boost GABA activity (like benzodiazepines) or temper noradrenergic signaling help alleviate these symptoms.